Acute post infectious glomerulonephritis associated to pneumococcal pneumonia

Abstract

We report a 6 year old boy, evolving acute renal failure due to acute glomerulonephritis associated with pneumonia. The patient firstly presented a nephritic syndrome with abnormal urinalysis, hypertension, azotemia and oliguria, being diagnosed afterwards of pneumonia. Renal function was normal past 72 hours. He presented arterial hypertension that required treatment only in acute phase.
This case was resolved with no after-effects. Previously released information about similar cases in scientific literature is also reviewed. This case serves to support the concept that other organisms besides Streptococcus pyogenes can trigger a post-infectious glomerulonephritis and should be considered in the differential diagnosis. The most common onset use to be a nephritis 3 to 10 days after the primary infection, but the acute presentation of pneumonia and glomerulonephritis has been described. Clinical studies showed low serum complement C3 and elevated anti-streptolysin-O titers, since it has been described in others publications. Pneumonia aetiology was confirmed by positive pneumoccocal antigenemia both in urine and pleural exudates. Pneumonia-associated acute glomerulonephritis runs a benign course and has a good prognosis.