Nail alterations in children. How to interpret the changes in the ungueal surface

Abstract

Ungueal pathology in children is very extensive and its knowledge is essential to diagnose varied processes that leave an identifying mark on the nails. In many cases, the affected nail is the pioneer of the disease, allowing for an early diagnosis. In regards to outpatient pediatric care, knowledge of nail semiology allows for diagnostic orientations in which the use of complex and costly complementary techniques is not necessary. We review the changes on the nail plate surface (changes in smoothness, curvature, thickness, etc.) and its clinical implication, showing special interest in emphasizing the dermatological or systemic processes that accompany each ungueal symptom.