Testicular pathology in the pediatric age: cryptorchidism, acute scrotum and varicocele

Abstract

Testicular pathology occupies the main part of the day to day work of the pediatric surgeon. Both because of its frequency as well as its morbidity, it is very important to pay attention to the malformative and acquired (acute and chronic) pathology of the testis in the boy. Cryptorchidism or absence of the testis in the scrotum is the most frequent genitourinary malformation. this is an asymptomatic malformation whose adequate management and early correction will depend on the prognosis of the testis and the risk of malignization in the adult age. testicular torsion is an acute event that consists in the twisting of the organ on itself, with compression of the testicular pedicle, affecting the blood supply to the testis. if this is maintained over time, it leads to a testicular necrosis. early recognition of this picture within the acute scrotum syndrome will be vital to be able to correct the torsion and prevent loss of the gonad. Varicocele is defined as a varicose dilation of the pampiniform plexus on the level of the spermatic cord. it can be asymptomatic or generate discomfort. Its effect on fertility has not been completely clarified and the surgical indications and the best treatment are matters subject to controversy. in the present text, the concepts regarding these subjects are reviewed, updating the recommendations for diagnosis and management.