Necrotizing enterocolitis in newborn

Abstract

Necrotizing enterocolitis is the final common response of an immature gastrointestinal system to the action of numerous factors. At present a transmissible agent is believed to be responsible for some cases. Prematurity is the main risk factor. The most common clinical sign is the abdominal distention, and the pneumatosis intestinalis is a diagnostic roentgenologic finding. Assessment of stool reducing substances and alpha 1-antitrypsin are an useful aid for the early diagnosis. Systemic antibiotics are beneficial, while enteric ones are very restricted. Surgical therapy is indicated if there is bowel perforation or positive paracentesis. A series of prognosis factors exist. Role played by breast milk at the prophylaxis is controversial. Four clinical observations are discussed.