Resumen
Introducción y objetivos. La inmunoterapia oral (ITO) es una alternativa a la dieta de evitación en algunas alergias alimentarias. El objetivo de este trabajo es evaluar la eficacia y seguridad de la ITO con huevo en una consulta de alergia pediátrica.
Material y métodos. Estudio observacional, longitudinal y retrospectivo de pacientes pediátricos con alergia al huevo persistente sometidos a ITO. Para la inducción se utilizó proteína de clara de huevo deshidratada administrada diariamente y con incrementos semanales hasta alcanzar una dosis de 4 gramos. Para la fase de mantenimiento se indicó una ingesta de al menos dos o tres huevos a la semana.
Resultados. Se trataron 14 pacientes (6 niñas), de entre 5 y 13 años (mediana 5,5 años). Se consiguió desensibilización completa al final de la inducción en 11 pacientes (78,6%), que se mantuvo en todos ellos tras una mediana de tiempo de seguimiento de 29 meses. Durante la inducción los síntomas más frecuentes fueron: prurito orofaríngeo (9/14), dolor abdominal (7/14) y rinoconjuntivitis (6/14). Se emplearon antihistamínicos en 8 casos (57,1%) y ninguno precisó adrenalina. Entre los pacientes que consiguieron desensibilización se observó una tendencia al descenso de las IgE específicas, siendo estadísticamente significativo para las IgE a huevo completo (p = 0,047), clara de huevo (p = 0,031) y ovoalbúmina (p = 0,016).
Conclusiones. La ITO con clara de huevo deshidratada resultó ser un tratamiento muy eficaz y bien tolerado en población pediátrica con alergia al huevo.
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